OSTEOPOROSIS & OSTEOPENIA

What is Osteopenia & Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the quality or structure of bone changes. This can lead to a decrease in bone strength that can increase the risk of fractures (broken bones). Osteoporosis is known as a silent condition as it does not cause pain, and is usually only picked up when a patient first has a fall or fracture.

Osteopenia is the pre-decessor to osteoporosis. It describes a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) below normal reference values on a dexa scan, yet not low enough to meet the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines osteopenia as a t-score on a DEXA scan between -1 to -2.5, while values less than -2.5 are diagnostic for osteoporosis.

How is it diagnosed?

A DEXA scan is used to check your bone density. You can be referred by your GP. It is especially important to have your bone health checked if you have any of the following pre-disposing factors:

• Aged over 40-50 years

• History of fractures

• Family history of osteopenia/osteoporosis

• Previous long term steroid use (This includes steroids for asthma treatment)

• Previous cancer treatment

• History of thyroid problems

• Malabsorption issues - (Crohn’s Disease, Digestive/Gut problems)

• Early menopause

• Dietary changes - Veganism, Vegetarian

• History of anorexia/bulimia in youth/currently

How can I prevent Osteopenia/Osteoporosis?

Most of our bone density is built in our teenage years to our 20’s and our bone mass peaks as we approach 30 years old. It is important in these years to participate in impact exercise (running, jumping, skipping, weight-bearing exercises through our wrists and legs) as well as strength training with heavy weights. Nutrition is also important; ensuring we are consuming appropriate levels of vitamin D and Calcium, especially for bone building.

If you are concerned that you may have osteopenia or osteoporosis with the risk factors above or have recently been diagnosed, please visit our Osteoblast Programme page for further information on the support Total Physiotherapy can provide.